As the molecule that is crucial in determining skin color, melanin has fundamentally shaped the way we humans perceive ethnic and racial differences and tribal affiliation. It was demonstrated that the melanin produced by fungus Lachnum singerianum YM296 significantly inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products and slowed down the aging process, elevating the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and decreasing the level of malondialdehyde in mice liver and brain homogenate and serum, suggesting that this pigment could be used as a new anti-aging drug [109]. This volume goes over the brain hemispheres, history of religion, Black founders of civilization, the Sun, cosmology and cosmogony, the subjective and objective realms of being, analysis of cosmological system and view of man, spiritual anatomy of man, types of man and the cultivation of the spiritual man, the Tree of Life initiation system, meditation and ritual, oracles, deities, philosophical and psychological foundations, and consulting and interpreting the oracle. As shown in Table1, some fungal species produce a dark-brown pigment, known as melanin. However, some species of this class, including Cladosporium resinae, Epicoccum nigrum, Hendersonula toruloidea, Eurotium echinulatum, Humicola grisea, and Hypoxylon archeri, do not produce this type of pigment [11, 28, 8688]. In Melanin, the Master Molecule, researchers summarize several decades worth of knowledge on melanin and its physicochemical properties. 2020 GreenMedInfo LLC. Considering the harmful effects of synthetic dyes on human health and to the environment, developmental process for obtaining pigments from natural sources has become significant worldwide. 68 pages, Paperback. There is experimental evidence that fungal melanin may also act as an anti-aging drug, due to its action in reducing the generation of free radicals, clearing away the free radicals produced in excess, and enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. An ideal pigment-producing microorganism should be capable of using a wide range of C and N sources; must be tolerant to pH, temperature, and minerals concentration; and must give reasonable pigments yield. Melanin has also been used to treat various types of malignant cancer tumors, disorders of the immune system including AIDS, diseases of blood origin and disorders due to the disturbances in cell homeostasis, and complex and hardly curable mental disorders (schizophrenia, epilepsy) involving nervous and other regulatory systems. The biosynthetic pathway of the dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-melanin in fungi. Silver nanoparticles incorporated Yarrowia lipolytica melanin exhibited antimicrobial activity against the pathogen Salmonella paratyphi, and they were also effective at disrupting biofilms on polystyrene as well as glass surfaces [123]. Access To Status Law Class #1.. What is Status?. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! The influence of light on intra- and extracellular pigment production was studied in five pigment-producing fungi: M. purpureus, Isaria farinosa, Emericella nidulans, Fusarium verticillioides, and Penicillium purpurogenum [55]. In an eye-opening statement, researchers noted that these effects need to be studied in humans but that in nuclear emergencies, diets rich in melanin may be beneficial to overcome radiation toxicity in humans.31. According to the authors, these nanoshells have the potential use for environmental bioremediation, for example, to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination to ground water because the melanin is expected to encapsulate the radioactive particles and thereby reduce their spread. Melanin may also explain another curious fact: that humans are the only species among hundreds of different primates who are almost completely hairless, which is why we are known in biology as the naked ape. Approximately 6 million years ago, the mutation for human hairlessness was introduced into the genome, causing us to diverge from hairy chimpanzee lineages. In order to compensate for the decreased availability of sunlight, the human body rapidly adjusted, potentially removing the natural sunscreen, melanin, from the skin since it interferes with the production ofvitamin D, a hormone that participates in governing the expression of more than 2,000 genes. These advances allow to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the various biological functions of melanin [22]. Police Stop Law Packages CRC - Know Your Rights Manual - Qualified Immunity Notices Constitutional Rights Cards & Police Bond Liens! Sayer Jiis the founder ofGreenmedinfo.com, a reviewer at theInternational Journal of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine,Co-founder and CEO ofSystome Biomed, Vice Chairman of the Board of theNational Health Federation, and SteeringCommittee Memberof theGlobal Non-GMO Foundation. Home > Studies have shown that the effect of melanin enhancing the survival of fungi under adverse conditions can be mainly due to its powerful free radical scavenger properties, acting as a sponge for other free radicals generated by the fungus in response to environmental stress [20, 29, 30]. Scientists have identified three forms of melanin in humans: eumelanin. WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! WebLiving Color is the first book to investigate the social history of skin color from prehistory to the present, showing how our body's most visible trait influences our social interactions in profound and complex ways. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. In particular, it can be considered a promising material for sensors and photovoltaic devices, due to broadband spectral absorbance and charge transport properties [128]. Revitalise Your Life Through Absurdity Therapy, Meditation, Yoga, Grounding & Mindfulness, REGENERATE: Unlocking Your Bodys Radical Resilience Through The New Biology, The New Biophysics of Energy Synthesis: How the Body Harvests Natures Alternative Energy Sources to Power Cellular Pathways, Build Resilience, and Promote Our Evolutionary Edge, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2004.tb03325.x, https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524915666150203093656, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2008.03.038, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mehy.2015.01.032, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.020, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0000457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.04.009, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2012.08.002, International Journal of Human Nutrition and Functional Medicine, Why Some Scientists Resist the Evidence for Psi, Why Daily Greens are the Real Fountain of Youth, The Power of Peppermint: 15 Health Benefits Revealed. Lora Mangum Shields, L. W. Durrell, and Arnold H. Sparrow,Preliminary Observations on Radiosensitivity of Algae and Fungifrom Soils of the Nevada Test Site,Ecology42, no. As a member, you receive exclusive content, community access, behind-the-scenes updates, and the pride of fueling work that matters to you. 24. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. In this pathway, there are two possible starting molecules, L-dopa and tyrosine. This study demonstrated that toxin-induced Parkinsons disease could be prevented in the melanin-treated animals because the administered melanin causes chelation or scavenging of toxins, such as MPTP, thus preventing a neurodegenerative disease, such as Parkinsons disease. 2,799 views May 25, 2018 163 Dislike Share REEL NAGAS 28.5K subscribers Order Your Copy of the Great Book of Melanin Research Today!!! Deposition of homogeneous melanin layers for optoelectronics application is an issue of considerable technological relevance. Arturo S. Herrera et al., Beyond Mitochondria, What Would Be the Energy Source of the Cell?,Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry15, no. This result is related to melanin production during growth of the MEL1 mutant, since the biomass 48 hours is slightly pigmented, while the 72 hours biomass is dark due to the increased production of pigment [157]. WebGREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH PUBLIC OFFICIAL BONDS BOOK (POB) Public Official Bonds - Make Them Pay!!! [3]. This book could save your life! In order to improve performance and reduce the cost of pigments produced by microbial fermentation, it is essential to identify the nutritional and physical factors that have a greater influence on the cell growth and metabolite biosynthesis [4, 6, 39, 40]. They can grow in different culture systems (submerged and solid), and fermentation protocols have been established for large-scale industrial processes. By Barbara Pilawa, Magdalena Zdybel and Ewa Chodurek. As melanin has characteristics of functional materials and bioorganic, a growing number of researchers in the fields of materials science and organic electronics see the melanin with great interest, taking advantage of their properties for applications in organic electronic devices. By making research easy to access, and puts the academic needs of the researchers before the business interests of publishers. Studies have shown that the media composition and cultivation conditions affect the pigment production in fungi and the manipulation of these parameters can result in an increase in pigment yield for large-scale pigment production. A. Kunwar et al., Melanin, a Promising Radioprotector: Mechanisms of Actions in a Mice Model,Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology264, no. Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. Production of the microbial pigments is one of the emerging fields of research due to a growing interest of the industry for safer products, easily degradable and eco-friendly. Yes, you can easily cancel or upgrade your pledge at any time. Compared with the control groups, the antioxidant defense systems, such as superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, were improved significantly in mice of experiment groups, and the reactive oxygen species detected by malondialdehyde content were decreased significantly. 68 pages, Paperback. Despite the difference in their origins, melanin pigments have a number of common characteristics that allow them to fulfill their protective function. The presence of unpaired electrons in the melanin structure is responsible for various properties, including antioxidant, semiconductor, optical, electronic, and radio- and photoprotective [19]. Want to learn more from GreenMedInfo? WebTHE GREAT BOOK OF MELANIN RESEARCH!!! Melanin, Radiation, and the Conversion of Light to Metabolic Energy. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. creating Mind Altering, DNA Re-Ordering Educational Videos!!! As explained in a paper published inMedical Hypothesesby retired medical practitioner Iain Mathewson, new research on low-level light therapy, also known as photobiomodulation, may explain the immediate benefit conferred by hairlessness, as it shows that exposure to the red and near-infrared radiation found at sunset increases mitochondrial respiratory chain activity and results in extra synthesis of ATP in all superficial tissuesites, including those of the brain.21Under Mathewsons hypothesis, a random mutation for hairlessness occurring in one of our African forebearers millions of years ago would have conferred an immediate survival advantage over her hairy relatives by enabling her body, especially her brain, to access the red and near-infrared wavelengths generated by ancient sunsets. WebMelanin: The Chemical Keys to Black Greatness (Vol. The probable mechanism of action was suggested by a study published inBioelectrochemistry,30in which ionizing radiation was found to alter melanins oxidation-reduction potential. The Pineal gland is the first gland developed in your body, and appears in homo-sapiens a mere 3 weeks after conception. WebIt is in the melanocytes that melanin is produced. It has been reported that fungal melanin arranged in nanoparticles protects against extremely high levels of ionizing radiation and suggests that the protective efficacy of this pigment is a function of its chemical structure, the presence of stable free radical, and spatial arrangement [18]. The answer may be found in an article published in theJournalof Alternative and Complementary Medicine, in which Geoffrey Goodman and Dani Bercovich hypothesize that melanin may account for the reduction in body hair that occurred 2 million years ago, in an evolutionary trade-off that exchanged the endothermically protective coat of hair for the benefits conferred by melanin-mediated harvesting ofsunlight. pheomelanin. We observed that, in the presence of 0.2% corn steep liquor, an increase in the pigment production occurred, while a high yield of biomass was obtained at a concentration of 2%. 20. Bettinger et al. Humans with lighter skin tones may have gained vitamin D accessibility at the expense of the ability to convert sunlight into metabolic energy. WebK12 School Digital and Curricular Classroom Materials - NGL 23. 50% Discount on the Remaining Status Law Classes NOT on Patreon! 31. In this way, melanin nanoshells may be used to contain radiation from radioactive waste and biomedical radioactive materials. Police Stop Law Packages CRC - Know Your Rights Manual - Qualified Immunity Notices Constitutional Rights Cards & Police Bond Liens! This strategy may be used to improve nanomaterials with potential applications as efficient catalysts and electrocatalysts. Capture a web page as it appears now for use as a trusted citation in the future. Hints at this phenomenon arose when scientists noticed that a group of fungi had colonized within the walls of the still-hot site of the Chernobyl nuclear meltdown.24Fungi were also found at a nuclear test site in Nevada in the 1960s, where they had survived radiation doses of up 6,400 grays, around 2,000 times the dose that is lethal for humans,25suggesting that certain kinds fungi are not deterred by radiation but, on the contrary, seem to thrive on it. Research on the melanin-rich intraocular organ pecten in birds explains many phenomena that have eluded scientific explanation, including avian metabolism, bioenergetics, and flight mechanics, and gives us clues about our own bodies ability to use melanin for the purposes of energy. Taken alongside evidence that bacteria that produce pyomelanin, a cousin to melanin, thrive in soil contaminated with uranium,26and the findings that exposure to ionizing radiation actually promotes the growth of certain melanized fungal species inhabiting nuclear reactors, space stations, and the Antarctic mountains, it seems plausible that melanin allows certain organisms to eat radiation.27A study published inPLOSONErevealed that melanin-containing fungal cells saw increased growth relative to nonmelanized cells after exposure to ionizing radiation and that the irradiated melanin from these fungi also changed its electronic properties, which the study noted raised intriguing questions about a potential role for melanin in energy capture and utilization.28. According to the authors, these media contain nutrients that can regulate the expression of genes of interest and activate metabolic pathways important for the production of pigments. 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