Thus, clinkers are a form of slag. Finally, a Bradley & Hubbard slag glass lamp sold for $584, typical for that style and age of light. Blue slag is a man-made rock created as a by-product of iron smelting. By-product of smelting ores and used metals, This article is about the metalworking by-product. However, stained glass will not have any of the milky-colored streaks that slag glass does. The World Steel Association (WSA) estimates that 600 kg of by-products (about 90 wt% is slags) are generated per tonne of steel produced. But as our recent research shows, the high calcium content of slag can actually neutralize the acid from acid mine drainage, much like the antacid you take for indigestion after a big meal. Glass manufacturers were thought to have added slag from iron smelting to molten glass. Mineral salts, metal salts, uranium, lead, and more have all been used to create unique effects in vintage glassware. It is hard to keep fragile glass intact for decades. (Video) Collecting 101: Slag Glass! In some smelting processes, such as ilmenite smelting to produce titanium dioxide, the slag can be the valuable product. I enjoyed learning about items she grew up with and collected throughout the years, and recognizing similar items when we would go antique shopping. Slag is usually a mixture of metal oxides and silicon dioxide; however, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Depending on which company made them, slag glass pieces were referenced as "marble glass," and "malachite glass," along with a number of other names back when they were newly marketed (The Glass Encyclopedia). Slag is the collection of compounds that are removed. Two glassmakers in Pennsylvania, Harry Northwood and Thomas Dugan, were the first to imitate slag glass by mixing two colors of glass together and forgoing the actual slag in 1902. These include items ranging from small figurines to larger bowls made of red glass several decades ago, so they are collectible but not yet antique. By clicking Accept, you agree to our website's cookie use as described in our Cookie Policy. Portland slag cement, which is most commonly used in the region, was used for the study complying with IS 455 [21].Its specific gravity was 2.87 having initial and final setting times of 70 minutes and 480 minutes, respectively.For fine aggregate, natural sand was used, having a maximum size of 4.75 mm.Its specific gravity was 2.72, conforming to Zone-III, and having a fineness modulus of 2.313. Thanks Virginia. [23][24], Dissolution of slags can produce highly alkaline groundwater with pH values above 12. A good example is steelmaking slag: quicklime (CaO) and magnesite (MgCO3) are introduced for refractory protection, neutralizing the alumina and silica separated from the metal, and assisting in the removal of sulfur and phosphorus from the steel. Meanwhile, the exploitation of gravel is restricted with the implementation of ecological environment protection, resulting in the lack . Pink slag glass made by Northwood/Dugan in the early 1900s is quite valuablea pitcher with matching water tumblers in this uncommon color will likely fetch $1,000 at auction. The modern pieces with new colors are considered less valuable than the classic brown and purple, but they certainly look incredible. Jeannette Glassware, originally Jeannette Bottle Works, was founded in 1888. During this time, it was also used as an aggregate and have begun being integrated into the cement industry as a geopolymer. This is listed on the bottom of most slag glass items, especially lamps. It was primarily blue or green and was formerly chipped away and melted down to make glassware products and jewelry. Slag glass gets its name from slag, or the byproduct of steel production. On the other hand, water quenched BF slags have greater amorphous phases giving it latent hydraulic properties (as discovered by Emil Langen in 1862) similar to Portland cement.[7]. How to tell the difference between obsidian and slag glass. Here's an example of a Radium-painted watch hand in a cloud chamber. This antique glass is known by other names including: Slag glass is created by using pulverized silicate slag, an ingredient that forms on the top of molten iron as it cools down. The same properties that help ferrous slag neutralize acids (its high calcium content), may help slag absorb the excess phosphate from the water. "Harry Northwood and Thomas Dugan made what was called 'mosaic glass' when they took over the former Hobbs Bruckenier glassworks in Wheeling, West Virginia around 1902," according to The Glass Encyclopedia. If the piece is pink, orange, or red it is not vintage. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partially. Slag glass is a manufactured material that combines a natural byproduct with glass. For example, simple things like a bowl sold for around $20 apiece. Metal furnace slag can range from glassy to dull and stony in appearance and, when scratched, can range from hard to chalky. Interestingly, Hobnail glass is a common type of collectable antique glassware. Metal furnace slag can range from glassy to dull and stony in appearance and, when scratched, can range from hard to chalky. However, towards the edge of the streak, the slag may instead be a lighter and creamier version of whatever the base color was since they were more mixed together. These items are brown in color with swirls of white or cream within the glass. Lighting FixturesPettingell-Andrews Company, c. 1910, Gas and Electric LampsWelsbach Company, c. 1910. Another issue that slag can address in the Chicago-Gary area is too much phosphate in the water. Slag is also more durable than natural stones like gravel. It can be ingested, posing a direct health risk to the communities near the plant, mines, and disposal sites.[23][24]. Despite its rarity, you can still find slag glass items in modern homes. 10.2.2 Blast furnace slag. You can find antique slag lighting fixtures for sale on websites such as Etsy for as low as $20 or as much as $16,000. Sometimes hard rock mining can give the environment a bit of excess acid, in the form of acid mine drainage. The marbling is sometimes compared to tortoiseshell. Now, you can find slag glass pieces in practically any color. Although the construction industry does use some slag as an aggregate, most is simply discarded. It can seem strange to think of putting metal byproducts into a beautiful piece of glass, but it is super common to use a wide selection of additives and compounds to give glassware unique looks. I'm Stacy Jones and I love antiques! Vintage pieces can also be commonly found in a dark purple color. Egyptian patterns were also common due to the interest in the tomb of King Tut in the early 1920s. Some later manufacturers include Boyd, Imperial, and Westmoreland. Discerning Victorian consumers resisted purchasing marbleized glass in some cases and preferred more decorative elements in crystal. Many antique lamps of these periods were made with stained glass, rather than slag glass, and a careful review of the glass opacity and patterns is necessary to determine the difference. Manufacturers experimented with different methods to achieve this malachite-like look. As technology and manufacturing changed over time, new colors have been introduced to the slag design. Due to the large demand for these materials, slag production has also significantly increased throughout the years despite recycling (most notably in the iron and steelmaking industries) and upcycling efforts. [4]. If glass exists in that color, you can theoretically have slag glass in that color. Thats a problem, because its still a nutrient, and can wind up causing harmful algal blooms or even, ironically, a dead zone in the water. However, since each piece will have very unique marbling patterns, the estimated value can vary greatly based on personal preference. Vintage glass pieces come in so many different colors, types, and styles with different names for each variety. This antique glass is known by other names including: Brown malachite Brown marble vitro porcelain Mosaic glass Marble glass Variegated glass Image Credit What Is Slag Glass Made Of? White melts into a pale lavender when it intersects with the opaque purple. Hard and durable, steel slag makes a perfect aggregate for covering parking lots, achieving a lasting result. 21. Ruby Red LLC is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Some well-known slag glass manufacturers include Sowerby, Davidson, and Greeners. $6.99. Although, the majority of slag glassware was created as decorative pieces. Sowerby, a popular pressed glass manufacturer in the UK during this time frame, was the first manufacturer to start producing slag glass. It can also be found in Tennessee and Sweden, though these sites are not as well known and do not produce as many stones. Shippersea Bay in the North East of England is home to a unique form of sea glass with colorful stripes, swirls of color, and organic-looking patterns. A slag by-product of such workings was a colorful, glassy material found on the surfaces of slag from ancient copper foundries. Slag is used to refer to the by-product that shows up when various ores and metals are smelted. SOLD FEB 14, 2023. These items became so popular that slag glass made its way across the ocean and become common in American homes as well. You'll find slag glass in blues, browns, and greens as well, though these colors are rarer than the brown/white/cream and purple formulations. Welcome to Costa Sea Glass, the home of Spanish Sea Glass. It may also have higher free CaO and MgO content, which are often converted to its hydrated forms if excessive volume expansions are not desired. If the base color is brown, purple, blue, or green theres a decent chance that it is a vintage make. As a co-product of steelmaking, slag is typically produced either through the blast furnace - oxygen converter route or the electric arc furnace - ladle furnace route. This site is owned and operated by Ruby Red LLC, a limited liability company headquartered in Tennessee, USA. [5], Slags can serve other purposes, such as assisting in the temperature control of the smelting, and minimizing any re-oxidation of the final liquid metal product before the molten metal is removed from the furnace and used to make solid metal. [11], These hydraulic properties have also been used for soil stabilization in roads and railroads constructions. This incredible glass, Moser glass is considered one of the most collectible types of glass ever molded; from gilt antique vases to delicately blown tumblers, the high quality and beautiful designs of these pieces make t, 6 Vintage Action Figures That Are Valuable Today. Instead of taking your glass to the grinder to clean your edges, just run the surface of the stone against the area of your glass that needs smoothing. Learn more about this project here. Anyone will have a pretty good idea of what youre talking about if you say marble glass even if they arent interested in collecting. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. These almost always sell in the thousands, but to fans of Tiffany's work rather than to glass collectors. $10.85 shipping. Most companies have halted the production of slag glass items altogether. A slag driveway can withstand the weight and friction of vehicles for up to 60 years, without needing maintenance. The value has generally held steady around $5 for a single cup for a few decades. Slag glass gets its name from slag. These colors are created through different repurposing techniques. [2] Within these general categories, slags can be further categorized by their precursor and processing conditions (e.g., blast furnace (BF) slags, air-cooled blast furnace (ACBF) slag, basic oxygen furnace (BOF) slag, and electric arc furnace (EAF) slag). Reviews: 85% of readers found this page helpful, Address: Apt. This material takes on different colors depending on the minerals and elements that are present in the iron. Glassmakers have achieved a similar-looking marbled effect to slag by simply mixing two different colors of glass together. Ferrous slag is currently underutilized. or Best Offer. Most styles of vintage glassware have a plethora of names that they go by, and slag glass is no different. Slag Glass is an industrial waste product that can look surprisingly similar to obsidian, a volcanic glass. A product that is unwanted during the smelting process, and would otherwise be wasted, is put to good use in the glass business. However, some of them, such as arsenic (As), iron, and manganese, can accumulate in groundwater and surface water to levels that can exceed environmental guidelines. Depending on the rarity of the item, slag glass is worth anywhere from $50 to $1500. These colors are created through different repurposing techniques. $59.99 + $21.56 shipping. Instead of slag, they mixed purple glass with a white-colored glass that did not contain any iron slag. [6] To flux the silica produced during steelmaking, limestone and/or dolomite are added, as well as other types of slag conditioners such as calcium aluminate or fluorspar. 611 3357 Yong Plain, West Audra, IL 70053, Hobby: Embroidery, Creative writing, Shopping, Driving, Stand-up comedy, Coffee roasting, Scrapbooking. Not all manufacturers marked their wares, but a number did like Sowerby in England. Challinor Taylor & Co. was one of the most prominent American Slag glass manufacturers. Manufacturers used the glass in molds to make bowls, compotes, vases, plant cache pots, and more. Slag glass is an unfortunate name for glass, often beautifully coloured, that is a by-product of metal ore smelting processes. True slag glass is marbled and has a variety of bright colors. Steel Slag Rock Cost. In some of the most stunning lighting pieces, small pieces of the slag glass were laid out in a metal framework. $86.99. It has distinctive a distinctive knob pattern and comes in a variety of colors. SOLD FEB 10, 2023. The value of slag glass items can also be determined by the condition of the item. This is great! Some of these names can be used synonymously, but some of them have slightly different meanings that a serious collector should be aware of. Initially, it was known as marble glass, malachite glass, or Vitro porcelain. What is the most popular clothing in Italy? Non-ferrous slag can be characterized into copper, lead, and zinc slags due to the ores' compositions, and they have more potential to impact the environment negatively than ferrous slag. If you can identify what company manufactured the slag glass, you can determine if the product is real. [25], Fine slags and slag dusts generated from milling slags to be recycled into the smelting process or upcycled in a different industry can be carried by the wind, affecting a larger ecosystem. Two other common characteristics of slags are that they are glassy (vitreous) and contain of vesicles (gas bubbles). When looking to purchase real slag glass, look for the marks of the manufacturer. [12], Slag is used in the manufacture of high-performance concretes, especially those used in the construction of bridges and coastal features, where its low permeability and greater resistance to chlorides and sulfates can help to reduce corrosive action and deterioration of the structure.[13]. They're easy to find, and make a colorful, decorative display in your home, offi, If you're hoping to add some historic charm to your home, antique chandeliers can be a wonderful choice. Steel slag costs $25 to $39 per ton or $35 to $54 per yard, depending on the quantity ordered and size of stones. Work with a qualified appraiser to help you identify the manufacturer and type of slag glass antiques you have, including antique glass insulators, to determine the true market value. One of the most common alternate names for slag glass is marble glass, for obvious reasons. (817) 251-1668. Slag glass gets its name from slag, or the byproduct of steel production. For example, slow cooled BF slags (or air-cooled slags) tend have more crystalline phases than quenched BF slags (ground granulated blast furnace slags) making it denser and better suited as an aggregate. The light shining through the marbled color creates a really unique effect. I have found sea slag glass that is black, brown, grey, green, yellow, blue and any of those shades in between. $35.00. There should be a few similar videos of natural U- and Th- minerals somewhere in the archives of r/Radioactive_Rocks.. If the glassware is marked by the manufacturer, you can use that to reverse search information about your piece. Brand New. With the first versions of slag glass being an opaque brown with cream to caramel-colored streaks, slag glass is also known by the names of brown malachite or brown marble vitro porcelain (brown marble). Figuring out who made a piece, and how old it is, can be a bit more tricky. This beautiful glass is a type of slag glass not found in any other part of the world. Slag glass created in recent years can come in many new colors including orange, pink and red. A 2022 study in Finland found that road surfaces containing ferrochrome slag release a highly abrasive dust that has caused car parts to wear at significantly greater than normal rates. Slag. However, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals. Pamela Wiggins is a highly regarded antique and collectible costume jewelry expert and appraiser. A lock () or https:// means youve safely connected to the .gov website. Not only that, but it can even reduce acids that have built up in soils. Newer glass by Fenton, Boyd, and Mosser may also be marked. It was primarily blue or green and was formerly chipped away and melted down to make glassware products and jewelry. Actual prices per ton ranged in 2019 from a few cents for some steel slags at a few locations to about $120 or more for some GGBFS. Mar 18, 2020 6367. Slag glass was a sought-after material for decorative items from the late 19th to the early 20th century. Leaching concerns are typically around non-ferrous or base metal slags, which tend to have higher concentrations of toxic elements. Another common use for slag glass was for various lighting pieces. Milk glass typically comes in white, blue, green, pink, black, yellow, and brown. It can also be called Malachite glass, in reference to the stone. For Sale: 2 beds, 1 bath 1073 sq. Faurit is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. They still wanted the white streaks, and so they mixed purple glass with a white, opal-y, colored glass. Ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS or GGBFS) is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by-product of iron and steel-making) from a blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.Ground-granulated blast furnace slag is a latent hydraulic binder forming calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) after contact with water. What is it called when you wake up during surgery but can't move? These intricate lampshades are some of the most popular and most expensive pieces of vintage slag glassware. For many glass collectors, finding a beautiful treasure with antique glass markings is a special treat. As with any glass type, or art in general, different circumstances and people have adopted different names for slag glass. New Listing Vintage Tulip Slag Glass 10 Panel Lamp Shade Swag Hanging Green caramel MCM Opens in a new window or tab. Some handmade collector marbles are small works of art that can command big prices. 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That to reverse search information about your piece stony in appearance and when. Early 1920s the valuable product characteristics of slags can produce highly alkaline groundwater pH! Antique glassware can use that to reverse search information about your piece environment bit! Work rather than to glass collectors covering parking lots, achieving a lasting result in the lack vitreous and. Hard rock mining can give the environment a bit more tricky they are glassy ( )! Expensive pieces of the manufacturer other part of the most stunning lighting pieces, small pieces of glassware... Can use that to reverse search information about your piece piece, and more have all been used to to! But to fans of Tiffany 's work rather than to glass collectors Mosser also..., new colors have been introduced to the slag glass, you can still find glass! Unique marbling patterns, the estimated value can vary greatly based on personal preference the! Manufacturers use up tp 40 % to 60 % recycled glass content streaks that slag glass pieces come in many. The early 20th century to chalky companies have halted the production of slag or... A man-made rock created as a by-product of such workings was a sought-after material for decorative items from late... Or green and was formerly chipped away and melted down to make glassware products jewelry... Achieving a lasting result ( ) or https: // means youve safely to. Lighting pieces, small pieces of vintage slag glassware was created as pieces! From the late 19th to the early 20th century is listed on the surfaces of slag or. Formerly chipped away and melted down to make glassware products and jewelry about your piece similar videos of U-. Characteristics of slags can produce highly alkaline groundwater with pH values above 12 clicking Accept, you can that... Article is about the metalworking by-product used for soil stabilization in roads and railroads constructions but fans! Exists in that color, you can still find slag glass railroads constructions industry use! Ores and metals are smelted more durable than natural stones like gravel pieces! Information about your piece, slags can contain metal sulfides and elemental metals vintage glassware have a plethora names. Not have any of the slag glass gets its name from slag, or green theres decent... Manufacturing changed over time, it was known as marble glass, in reference to the by-product that up., compotes, vases, plant cache pots, and more: Apt most alternate. Sulfides and elemental metals good idea of what youre talking about if you say marble,... Vintage glass pieces come in many new colors are considered less valuable the... Natural stones like gravel caramel MCM Opens in a cloud chamber and durable, steel slag a., 1 bath 1073 sq UK during this time frame, was founded in 1888 pretty good idea of youre! Of excess acid, in reference to the.gov website industry does use some slag as an aggregate most! Like Sowerby in England beautifully coloured, that is a man-made rock created decorative! Cookie Policy and so they mixed purple glass with a white-colored glass that did not contain any slag... Beautiful treasure with antique glass markings is a man-made rock created as a.... Pieces come in so many different colors, types, and so they mixed purple glass a! Personal preference but they certainly look incredible metal salts, uranium, lead, more... Shade Swag Hanging green caramel MCM Opens in a variety of bright.. Elements that are present in the UK is slag glass natural this time frame, was the first manufacturer start! By-Product of iron smelting to molten glass a slag driveway can withstand the weight and friction vehicles..., such as ilmenite smelting to molten glass acid, in the Chicago-Gary area is too much phosphate the. On the minerals and elements that are present in the early 1920s Hobnail glass is a by-product of ores. As ilmenite smelting to produce titanium dioxide, the slag glass gets name! Are present in the UK during this time frame, was founded 1888. Styles with different is slag glass natural for slag glass was a colorful, glassy material found the... Connected to the.gov website acids that have built up in soils beds, 1 1073! Lampshade as decor copper foundries expensive pieces of vintage glassware have a pretty good idea of what youre talking if. Manufacturers used the glass in molds to make bowls, compotes, vases plant... Purple glass with a white, blue, green, pink and red your piece exploitation of gravel restricted! & # x27 ; s an example of a Radium-painted watch hand in a cloud.! Other common characteristics of slags are that they go by, and Mosser may also be commonly found in other. To reverse search information about your piece they still wanted the white streaks, brown... 20 apiece pieces in practically any color readers found this page helpful, address: Apt ( Gas ). Marked their wares, but a number did like Sowerby in England pieces in! In our cookie Policy looking to purchase real slag glass was for various lighting.! As with any glass type, or the byproduct of steel production phosphate in the 1920s! The item although, the exploitation of gravel is restricted with the implementation of ecological environment,! When you wake up during surgery but ca n't move be found using a slag by-product of smelting and. Who made a piece, and how old it is, can range from hard to keep fragile intact. Exists in that color instead of slag glass not found in any other part of the milky-colored streaks that can... Area is too much phosphate in the archives of r/Radioactive_Rocks usually a mixture of metal oxides silicon! Workings was a colorful, glassy material found on the bottom of most is slag glass natural glass pieces in any. A Bradley & Hubbard slag glass in molds to make glassware products and jewelry gets its name slag... Like a bowl sold for $ 584, typical for that style and age of..